Erica Malkin of the Stove Industry Association explains why modern wood burning stoves offer architects a low carbon, resilient secondary heat source for sustainable home design, and one which is now backed by policy.
As the UK moves toward net zero and the decarbonisation of domestic heating, architects are increasingly being called on to specify solutions that are not only energy efficient but which are also resilient, flexible, and futureproof. In this context, the role of modern wood burning stoves as a secondary heat source is rightly being reassessed, both in policy and practice.
Recent political developments have added renewed momentum to this shift. In Scotland, following public and industry concern, the Scottish Government reversed its proposal to restrict the installation of wood burning stoves in new build homes. Meanwhile, in England, Housing and Planning Minister Matthew Pennycook MP confirmed that modern stoves will be permitted in homes built to the forthcoming Future Homes
Standard. Both announcements reflect growing recognition that modern stove technology has earned its place in sustainable building design.
A low carbon, local fuel source
When sustainably sourced and properly seasoned, wood is a ‘carbon lean’ fuel. Trees absorb carbon dioxide during growth, which is then released when burned, creating a relatively short carbon cycle. Unlike fossil fuels, which release long sequestered carbon, wood used responsibly supports a renewable model.
Most wood logs and other types of wood fuel are a by-product of sustainable woodland management or sawmill activity. Using this local fuel helps to support the circular economy, create rural jobs, and encourage biodiversity through active woodland stewardship.
Cleaner technology
Modern stoves are a world away from the smoky open fires of the past. Appliances that meet Ecodesign standards significantly reduce emissions, producing up to 90% fewer fine particulates (PM2.5) than open fires, and around 80% less than older stove models.
These stoves also deliver high levels of efficiency, with many achieving over 80%, meaning more heat is extracted from each log and less fuel is needed overall.
For projects in Smoke Control Areas or locations with strict air quality requirements, Defra exempt appliances ensure compliance and offer a low-impact heating solution.
Future Homes Standard
The recent confirmation by the Ministry of Housing that wood burning stoves will be allowed in homes built to the Future Homes Standard is a significant step forward. It confirms that these appliances can complement low carbon primary systems such as heat pumps, especially when integrated intelligently into modern building design.
A stove provides targeted heat in the main living space, reducing the load on central systems, improving user comfort, and enhancing overall efficiency. For rural homes, where electricity supply can be more variable and heat pump performance can fluctuate, a wood stove adds a layer of reliability that supports long term resilience.
Energy independence & resilience
As climate change and energy market volatility continue to challenge grid reliability, interest is growing in off grid capable home features. A modern stove operates independently of gas or electricity networks, providing consistent heat even during power cuts or fuel interruptions.
This is especially valuable in remote areas, but it’s becoming a consideration for urban projects too. Stoves offer homeowners the ability to store their own fuel, avoid energy contracts, and reduce exposure to fluctuating energy prices, delivering both practical and psychological energy security.
Supporting local forestry
Specifying a wood burning stove isn’t just a heating decision; it’s a commitment to localism. Logs are typically sourced from within the UK through sustainable practices like coppicing or thinning. These woodland management techniques are vital to maintaining biodiversity, reducing the risk of disease, and ensuring long-term woodland health.
Architects specifying stoves contribute to reducing the embodied carbon of building services, support rural economies, and align with broader goals around local procurement and sustainability in construction.
Contemporary integration & flexibility
Stove aesthetics have evolved dramatically. Today’s models cater to a wide range of architectural styles, from clean, minimalist lines suitable for modern interiors to more traditional formats for period properties or rustic schemes. Whether inset, freestanding or compact, there are options to suit virtually every design brief.
In airtight or highly insulated homes, modern stoves can be installed with an external air supply, allowing safe and efficient integration even in buildings built to Passivhaus or near-zero energy standards, while adding warmth and character.
Erica Malkin is communications manager at the Stove Industry Association